Ancient Australian fossils indicate that the earliest eukaryotes depended on oxygen, providing new evidence that oxygen ...

The oldest eukaryotes, the ancestors of all complex life on Earth, lived nearly 1.7 billion years ago in shallow, oxygenated ...

For decades, scientists have believed that complex life began when two very different microbes joined forces, eventually giving rise to plants, animals, and fungi. But one major puzzle remained: how ...

Octopuses pump blue blood through three separate hearts, a biological arrangement that depends entirely on copper rather than ...